Each element has a different set of allowed orbits, so each element emits or absorbs photons with different energies — and therefore, different wavelengths.

The energy levels that are allowed for each atom depend upon the number and arrangement of protons and electrons in the atom. As each element has different energy states available to it, each element releases photons of different color when its atoms return to their lower energy states.

As the energy levels have different values, each of the possible electron transitions within an atom will produce a photon with a different energy. As a result each produces photons with different energy and so the line spectra for different elements will be different.

visible hydrogen lines (the so-called Balmer series; see spectral line series), however, are produced by electron transitions within atoms in the second energy level (or first excited state), which lies well above the ground level in energy.

Electron was discovered by J. J. Thomson in Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) experiment. The charge of an electron was measured by R. Millikan in Oil drop experiment.

An electron looks like a particle when it interacts with other objects in certain ways (such as in high-speed collisions). When an electron looks more like a particle it has no shape, according to the Standard Model.

An atom. Protons are colored red with a “+” charge. Neutrons are green with no charge. Electrons are blue with a “-” charge.

Step 1: The electrons first absorb some of the light that hits the atom or molecule. If the electrons give out exactly the same light as they absorb, the substance is “colorless”.. however if the color of the light emitted is different from the color absorbed, then the substance has a color.

The human eye and brain together translate light into color. Light receptors within the eye transmit messages to the brain, which produces the familiar sensations of color. By varying the amount of red, green and blue light, all of the colors in the visible spectrum can be produced.

Seeing with your brain But it’s not just our eyes that see – it’s our brains. We say we see different colours because of how our brains learn to link the signals they get from the eyes with the names of different colours.

Black is the absence of light. Some consider white to be a color, because white light comprises all hues on the visible light spectrum. And many do consider black to be a color, because you combine other pigments to create it on paper. But in a technical sense, black and white are not colors, they’re shades.

White represents purity or innocence. Some of the positive meanings that white can convey include cleanliness, freshness, and simplicity. The color white often seems like a blank slate, symbolizing a new beginning or a fresh start. On the negative side, white can seem stark, cold, and isolated.

The colours we see are the wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted. For example, a red shirt looks red because the dye molecules in the fabric have absorbed the wavelengths of light from the violet/blue end of the spectrum. White objects appear white because they reflect all colours.

This graphic shows what color will be perceived when a material absorbs in certain regions of the visible spectrum….Complementary Colors.

“A black object is black because it’s absorbing all the light; it’s not reflecting any color,” Chandrasekhar says. White objects reflect all color. While black objects absorb the energy from all colors and become hot, the objects gradually release some of that energy back into the air around it.

black

In absorption, the frequency of the incoming light wave is at or near the energy levels of the electrons in the matter. The electrons will absorb the energy of the light wave and change their energy state.