Napoleon was crowned in the presence of Pope Pius VII, his supporters, doubters and the public. After the consecration, the anointing of a monarch with holy oil, Napoleon took his crown from the Pope and placed it upon his own head.

Concordat of 1801, agreement reached on July 15, 1801, between Napoleon Bonaparte and papal and clerical representatives in both Rome and Paris, defining the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France and ending the breach caused by the church reforms and confiscations enacted during the French Revolution.

Napoleon’s was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of Pope Pius VII. Among Napoleon’s motivations for being crowned were to gain prestige in international royalist and Catholic circles and to lay the foundation for a future dynasty.

The first French Army of England had gathered on the Channel coast in 1798, but an invasion of England was sidelined by Napoleon’s concentration on campaigns in Egypt and against Austria, and shelved in 1802 by the Peace of Amiens.

January–March February 15 – New Jersey becomes the last northern state to abolish slavery. February 16 – First Barbary War: Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate Philadelphia. February 18 – Ohio University is chartered by the Ohio General Assembly. March 26 – Orleans Territory is created.

January 1 – Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful slave revolt ever. February 4 – Sokoto Caliphate founded in West Africa. February 22 – April 22 – 1804 Haiti massacre, an ethnic cleansing with the goal of eradicating the white population on Haiti.

The 17 states in the Union in 1804 were Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Hampshire and newly-admitted Ohio.

Events. January 30 – Monroe and Livingston sail for Paris to discuss, and possibly buy, New Orleans; they end completing the Louisiana Purchase. July 4 – The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people. October 20 – The Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase Treaty, doubling the size of the United States.

On September 16, 1620, the Mayflower sails from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World with 102 passengers. The ship was headed for Virginia, where the colonists—half religious dissenters and half entrepreneurs—had been authorized to settle by the British crown.

Events

• January 24 – California Gold Rush: James W.
• January 31 – The Washington Monument is established.
• February 2 – Mexican–American War: The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo is signed, ending the war and ceding to the US virtually all of what becomes the southwestern United States.

December 7, 1803 – William Clark landed at Cahokia, Illinois with the expedition’s three boats; Lewis arrived at Cahokia by land. Cahokia was an important town of about 700 residents in 1803. Their camp had to be on the Illinois side of the river until Upper Louisiana was transferred to the United States.

Events. March 15 – First Seminole War: Andrew Jackson leads an army into Spanish Florida. May 23 – First Seminole War: Andrew Jackson’s army enters Pensacola, Florida unopposed as the Spanish forces retreat to Fort Barrancas. May 28 – First Seminole War: Fort Barrancas surrenders to Andrew Jackson.

The Lewis and Clark Expedition began in 1804, when President Thomas Jefferson tasked Meriwether Lewis with exploring lands west of the Mississippi River that comprised the Louisiana Purchase. Lewis chose William Clark as his co-leader for the mission.

1821— In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain. The leaders of Mexico and the United States met to talk about American settlers moving into the area of Texas.

Domestic tensions ran high at the start of the decade, with the Peterloo Massacre (1819), the Cato Street Conspiracy (1820), and the Radical War (1820) in Scotland. However, by the end of the 1820s, many repressive laws were repealed.

The Mexican Cession consisted of present-day U.S. states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, the western half of New Mexico, the western quarter of Colorado, and the southwest corner of Wyoming.

A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government….List of U.S. states.

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The United States of America initially consisted of 13 states that had been British colonies until their independence was declared in 1776 and verified by the Treaty of Paris in 1783: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware.

42

33

20

45 states

50 states

In 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out, and the strategic use of the naval base at Pearl Harbor during the war convinced Congress to approve formal annexation. Two years later, Hawaii was organized into a formal U.S. territory and in 1959 entered the United States as the 50th state.

Arizona