Although the Mongol invasion of Europe sparked terror and disease, in the long run, it had enormous positive impacts. The foremost was what historians call the Pax Mongolica, a century of peace (circa 1280–1360) among neighboring peoples who were all under Mongol rule.

Chinese Isolationism Several explanations for this sudden inward turn have been offered. One such explanation is that the Confucian scholars were gaining power in Chinese society. One ideal of Confucianism is ethnocentrism, which perhaps lead the Confucian scholars to influence regulations to become more isolationist.

Economic reasons for Chinese exploration: Political – Spread Chinese culture. Tribute system – give exotic gifts in return for Chinese protection. Social – Let the world know China is back.

In addition to political motivation, the new emperor had financial motivation. The treasure fleet voyages cost Ming China enormous amounts of money; since they were not trade excursions, the government recovered little of the cost. For all of these reasons, Ming China stopped sending out the magnificent Treasure Fleet.

How did the Mongols benefit from their contact with the Chinese? better armor, better weapons. massively better supplies.

What was the most lasting impact of the Mongols on China? The Mongols permanently reunited China after a prolonged period of political fragmentation. paper money & copper coins. The increasing influence of Mandarin.

In the short term, the Mongols constructed the larges Eurasian empire to date. In the process, they destroyed a series of well-established empires. They wreaked extensive destruction on settled populations. They encouraged trade and exchange across the Eurasian network.

The Mongol Empire revitalized trade on the Silk Road, stretching Chinese silk as far as the shores of Italy. The global impact of the trade and conquest led by the Mongols was the last wide-spread, land-based global exchange known to mankind.

The Muslims in the Middle East had also believed in their own supremacy until this time. The most important effects that the Mongols had on Europe and Asia were increasing the flow of goods and knowledge between the two regions, the unification of present day Russia and the introduction of new diseases.

While the Mongols conquered people, they took over the Silk Road and turned it into a unified trade route of cultural diffusion and assimilation. Their presence in China was particularly influential as it culture-shocked the Chinese and their traditional ways.

The Mongols always favored trade. Their nomadic way of life caused them to recognize the importance of trade from the very earliest times and, unlike the Chinese, they had a positive attitude toward merchants and commerce.

In 1271 Nogai Khan led a successful raid against the country, which was a vassal of the Golden Horde until the early 14th century. Bulgaria was again raided by the Tatars in 1274, 1280 and 1285. In 1278 and 1279 Tsar Ivailo lead the Bulgarian army and crushed the Mongol raids before being surrounded at Silistra.