This syndrome is a medical emergency and typically causes severe pain, weakness, numbness, and/or tingling in the groin, genital region, and/or both legs. There may also be loss of bowel and/or bladder control.

The lowest part of the spinal cord is the sacral spinal cord. Bladder function, bladder and bowel external sphincters, sexual functions (including erections and ejaculation in men and responsiveness in women), and some leg muscles are the domain of the sacral spinal cord.

If you have an injury lower in your spinal cord at or below anatomic level of TH12/L1 you lose muscle tone in the bladder and sphincter. Due to the fact that this region is responsible for reflex bladder emptying, a complete injury results in areflexia of the detrusor (missing contraction of the bladder muscle).

α2-Adrenoceptors, mainly their α2A-subtype, are expressed in bladder, urethra and prostate.

Your sacral micturition center is an area of the spinal cord at the base of the spine. This is the area of the spinal cord that controls your bladder and sphincter. After spinal shock, your sacral micturition center it might start sending signals on its own to tell the bladder to squeeze.

In spinal cord injury, bladder sphincter relaxation is absent, leading to urinary retention. As soon as hourly urine output is no longer necessary, the indwelling bladder catheter should be removed to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (a life-threatening complication of acute spinal cord injury).

The lower urinary tract is innervated by 3 sets of peripheral nerves: pelvic parasympathetic nerves, which arise at the sacral level of the spinal cord, excite the bladder, and relax the urethra; lumbar sympathetic nerves, which inhibit the bladder body and excite the bladder base and urethra; and pudendal nerves.

Pelvic parasympathetic nerves: arise at the sacral level of the spinal cord, excite the bladder, and relax the urethra. Lumbar sympathetic nerves: inhibit the bladder body and excite the bladder base and urethra. Pudendal nerves: excite the external urethral sphincter.

Treatments for Bladder Control Problems (Urinary Incontinence) 1 Make lifestyle changes. 2 Train your bladder. 3 Do pelvic floor muscle exercises. 4 Control your urge to urinate. 5 Medicines. 6 (more items)

The most common antispasmodics are Urispas® (flavoxate) and Bentyl® (dicyclomine). Although these drugs have been used for years, their effectiveness is questionable.

How it works. Mirabegron is a medication approved to treat certain types of urinary incontinence. It relaxes the bladder muscle and can increase the amount of urine your bladder can hold. It might also increase the amount you are able to urinate at one time, helping to empty your bladder more completely.

These medications are usually given as a pill or tablet that you take by mouth. Oxybutynin is also available as a cream or skin patch that delivers a continuous amount of medication. It can take several weeks before your symptoms begin to improve on this type of medication.