No matter what the interactions are, energy is never seen to exist on its own, but only as part of a system of particles, whether massive or massless. There is one form of energy, however, that may not need a particle at all: dark energy.

Using curly arrows to show the movement of single electrons The most common use of “curly arrows” is to show the movement of pairs of electrons. You can also use similar arrows to show the movement of single electrons – except that the heads of these arrows only have a single line rather than two lines.

After hundreds of years of observation and experimentation, science has classified energy into two main forms: kinetic energy and potential energy. In addition, potential energy takes several forms of its own.

Energy is all around us and plays a fundamental role in technology and physics too. Different types of energy exist too. For example, chemical energy that’s stored in gasoline is converted into kinetic energy that makes our vehicles move.

All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms, in turn, are made up of electrons orbiting a nucleus of protons and neutrons, which themselves are made up of quarks. String theory suggests that electrons and quarks are actually minuscule vibrating loops of energy.

Note that because a photon has no mass, its kinetic energy equals its total energy. The energy of light allows it to create a gravitational field according to General Relativity.

From a neuroscience perspective, we are all connected brain to brain and cell to cell. By maintaining a self-awareness of our own thoughts, feelings and actions, we can choose to impact those around us, and thus our organizational culture, in very positive or negative ways.

Six degrees of separation is the idea that all people on average are six, or fewer, social connections away from each other. As a result, a chain of “a friend of a friend” statements can be made to connect any two people in a maximum of six steps. It was popularized in John Guare’s 1990 play Six Degrees of Separation.

Our relationship with the natural environment can be understood through the concept of biophilia and the biophilia hypothesis. This term is defined as humans’ innate need to affiliate with other life such as plants and animals. This essentially means that humans have a desire to be near nature.