After any rainfall lands on a flat roof, water will begin to pool. On a performing flat roof ponding water is not a problem as it will drain, or even evaporate, away. However when your flat roof has uneven areas due to sagging, an insufficient slope, or drainage issues, the ponding water doesn’t dissipate.

Advantages of Flat Roofs

• Lower construction and repair costs. Flat roofs take up less space and consequently use less material than sloped roofs.
• Versatility. Some homeowners turn their flat roof sections into rooftop gardens.
• Energy efficiency.

Commercial Roofs are flat roofs because they are much more cost-effective compared to pitched roofs. A commercial business with a low slope or flat roof doesn’t have to worry about the aesthetic appeal of the outside of its business as much as a homeowner does. …

0.18 W/m²K

The following 3 methods are the most common types of drainage that work best for flat roofs.

1. Interior Drains. This method of drainage is the most common, with drains typically placed at intervals at low points of the roof so that water can effectively travel off of the roof.
2. Scuppers.
3. Gutters.

The surface should be even and a professionally installed flat roof should never have pools of water collect on top of it. If water does sit on the roof for long periods of time it can cause a build up of silt, which can damage the membrane if it subsequently freezes.

The first is through the roof scuppers which are collector heads leading to downspouts. The second is through sloping towards a gutter system that guides the water away from the roof. The third is through roof drains. By maintaining roof drains and gutter systems clean, water should flow out and avoid ponding.

According to BS 6229 & BS 8217, flat roofs should be designed with minimum falls of 1:40 to ensure a finished fall of 1:80 can be achieved, allowing for any inaccuracies in the construction. This applies to general roof areas along with any internal gutters.

Ponding or standing water refers to water that gathers in a small puddle or pool on the top of your roof. Incidental ponding water is caused by natural events like rainfall. However, it is most common on flat roof sections.

Gutters are the most commonly used, and most cost-effective drainage solution for flat roofs. They catch rainwater as it rolls off the edge of the roof and divert the water into a downspout that dispenses it a safe distance from the foundation of the building.

Description: Scuppers are used to provide an outlet through parapet walls or gravel stops on flat and built-up roofs to allow drainage of excess water. They can be used in conjunction with gutters and downspouts to divert the flow to the desired location.

They simply allow rain water and sea water that has washed over onto the deck to drain away back into the ocean. Whereas on a larger boat, the scuppers are at deck level, which is usually significantly above the water-level, the scuppers on a yak are in the base of the cockpit.

A roof scupper is a drainage system for flat roofs that can’t rely on sloping to naturally move water through a gutter system. Scuppers are essentially small devices that work by giving the water a mechanism through which it can escape the roof without passing through the interior of the building.

To adjust this table for other than a 5-inch design rain fall rate, multiply the square footage on the table by 5 then divide by the local design rain fall rate. Example: For 4 inches of design rainfall rate, a 4-inch long scupper with a 1-inch head would accommodate 287 square feet. (230 x 5) ÷4 = 287.

The only unconditional guideline for scupper sizing provided by the code is that “scupper openings shall be not less than 4 inches (102 mm) in height and have a width that is equal to or greater than the circumference of a roof drain sized for the same roof area.”

A scupper is an opening in the side walls of a vessel or an open-air structure, which allows water to drain instead of pooling within the bulwark or gunwales of a vessel, or within the curbing or walls of a building.

Purpose Of Scupper Plugs Scupper holes, found in sit-on-top kayaks, are designed as a safety feature to drain water out of the kayak, from top to bottom, which keeps you from sitting in a puddle or even worse, making your kayak a bathtub full of water prone to capsizing.

The term “scupper” originates from marine culture – a scupper is an opening in a boat that allows water to escape and flow off the boat deck. It’s also a common term in architecture, referring to a structure used to drain water from your roof.

Place the Scupper Retrofit Drain Assembly into the existing drain leader (vertical or horizontal) pipe. The drain flange(s) should be in contact with the surface of both the wall and roof. Using the pre-punched holes in the perim- eter of the flange, secure the drain flange to the substrate with appropriate fasteners.

There’s a simple way to remove the patina from your copper scupper. Mix half a tablespoon of lemon juice with a tablespoon of baking soda. Use a soft cloth and rub the solution over your scupper with circular motions. Following this, wipe it clean with a second cloth and rinse it off with lukewarm water.

Freeform pools are the perfect tie-in to your nature-oriented landscaping. With the ability to fit perfectly into any space, these freeform swimming pools are not defined by straight lines or hard angles. These pool types can be lagoon or natural style, and incorporate rock features, waterfalls and stone decking.

Base Track. A part of an above ground swimming pool that stretches from base plate to base plate between the uprights of the swimming pool and forms the bottom rim of the pool structure.

Pool bottoms must be able to withstand active play, sun exposure and water pressure, so durable, long-lasting materials work best.

• Vinyl. A vinyl liner is a common pool bottom option.
• Vermiculite. Some pool owners opt for a vermiculite pool bottom under a vinyl liner.
• Concrete.
• Fiberglass.
• Tile.